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Name
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Dr. Raghunath Anant Mashelkar
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Date of Birth
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01.01.1943
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Present Position
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CSIR BHATNAGAR Fellow at NCL,Pune
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Positions held
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Director, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune,
INDIA (1989-1995)
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Scientist in Director’s Grade, National
Chemical Laboratory, Pune, INDIA (1986-1989)
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Deputy Director, National Chemical
Laboratory, Pune, INDIA (1978-1986)
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Asstt. Director, National Chemical
Laboratory, Pune, INDIA (1976-1978)
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Lecturer in Chemical Engineering, University
of Salford, UK (1970-1976)
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Leverhume Research Fellow, Department of
Chemical Engineering, University of Salford,
UK (1969-1970)
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Director General, Indian Council of
Agricultural Research, New Delhi (13 Nov.
2000 to 24 Dec., 2000) (Additional Charge).
·
Director General, Council of Scientific &
Industrial Research, and Secretary,
Department of Scientific & Industrial
Research, Government of India, New Delhi,
India (1995-2006)
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Academic Qualifications
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B.Chem. Engg. (1966), Ph.D. (1969)
(University of Bombay)
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Honorary Doctorates in Science and
Engineering
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Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar (2005)
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Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak (2005)
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Govind Ballabh Pant University of
Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar (2004)
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Narendra Deva University of Agriculture &
Technology, Faizabad (2004)
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University of Kalyani, Kalyani (WB) (2004)
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M.S. University of Baroda, Varodara (2003)
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University of Allahabad, Allahabad (2002)
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University of Wisconsin, USA (2002)
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Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (2002)
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Tilak Maharashtra Vidyapeeth, Pune (2002)
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University of London, UK (2001)Pretoria
University, Pretoria, South Africa (2000)
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Anna University, Chennai (2000)
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Guwahati University, Assam (2000)
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Bundelkhand University, Jhansi (2000)
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University of Delhi, Delhi (1998)
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Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad (1997)
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University of Roorkee, Roorkee (1997)
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University of
Kanpur, Kanpur (1995)
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University of
Salford, UK (1993)
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Civilian Honours by President of India:
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Padmashri (1991)
Padmabhushan (2000)
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Election to Prestigious Academies and Scientific
Bodies (India
and Abroad):
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Foreign Associate, US National Academy of
Sciences, USA (2005)
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Fellow, Indian Association for the
Cultivation of Science, Kolkata (2005)
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President, Indian National Science Academy
(2005)
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President, Materials Research Society of
India (2004)
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Foreign Associate, National Academy of
Engineering, USA (2003)
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Fellow, Royal Society (FRS), London (1998)
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Fellow, World Academy of Art & Science, USA
(2000)
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Fellow, The Institute of Physics, London
(1998)
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Fellow, Institute of Electronics and
Tele-communication Engineers (IETE) (1998)
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Foreign Member, Royal Academy of
Engineering, UK (1996)
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Fellow, UK Institute of Chemical Engineering
(1996)
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Fellow, Third World Academy of Sciences
(1994)
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Fellow, Indian National Science Academy
(1984)
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Fellow, Indian Academy of Sciences (1983)
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Fellow, Maharashtra Academy of Sciences
(1985).
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Fellow, National Academy of Engineering
(1987).
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Fellow, National Academy of Sciences (1989).
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Fellow, Indian Institute of Chemical
Engineers (1992)
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President, Physical Sciences, National
Academy of Sciences (1991)
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President, Maharashtra Academy of Sciences
(1991-92)
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President, Society for Polymer Science in
India (1986-92).
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President, Indian Society of Rheology
(1986-93).
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Vice-President, Materials Research Society
of India (1993-95)
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Vice-President, Indian Academy of Sciences
(1995-2000)
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General President, Indian Science Congress
(1999-2000)
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Awards:
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A. For
Scientific Research:
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Lifetime Achievement Award by Vyaaspeeth (Pune)
and co-hosted by the Government of
Maharashta
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Awarded Suryadatta National Award at Pune on
07/02/2006
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Received the prestigious TWAS Medal Lecture
Award
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ASUTOSH MOOKERJEE MEMORIAL AWARD (Indian
Science Congress Association) for the year
2005-06
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Life Time Achievement
Award (2004) by Indian Science Congress
Association;
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Life Time Achievement Award (2003) by
Bundelkhand University for contributions in
advancement for chemical sciences;
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Hari Om Ashram Prerit Senior Scientist Award
(2002) by Physical Research Laboratory,
Ahmedabad.
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Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Medal (2001)
by Indian National Science Academy, New
Delhi;
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Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award (2001) by
Indian Science Congress Association,
Calcutta;
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Material Scientist of the Year Award (2000),
by Materials Research Society of India;
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Mahendra Lal Sircar Lecture Award in
Chemical Sciences (1998) by Indian
Association for the Cultivation of Science,
Kolkata,
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Kamal Kumari National Award for Science &
Technology (1997) by Kamal Kumari
Foundation, Jorhat;
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Goyal Prize (1996) by Goyal Foundation,
Kurukshetra;
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Raj Kristo Dutt Memorial Award (1995) Indian
Science Congress Association; Kolkata
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GD Birla Award for Scientific Research
(1993);
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Professor Santappa Silver Jubilee Award
(1983) by Society of Polymer Science,
Chennai
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Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize (1982) for
engineering sciences by CSIR, New Delhi;
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Herdillia Award for 'Excellence in Basic
Research' (1982) by Indian Institute of
Chemical Engineers,
Kolkata
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B. For
Technology & Industrial Research
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World Federation of Engineering
Organisations (WFEO) Medal of Engineering
Excellence (2003) by WEFO, Paris
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A.V. Rama Rao Research Foundation Award
(2003) by AVRA Laboratories Pvt. Ltd.,
Hyderabad;
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RMK Engineering Award for outstanding work
in Science & Technology (2003) by
Lakshmikanthammal Educational Trust,
Tiruvallur, Chennai;
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Bharat Ratna Dr. M. Visvesvaraya Memorial
Award (2002) by Engineers Foundation,
Kolhapur;
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JEPPIAR Educational Trust Award (2001) by
Jeppiar Trust, Chennai;
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H.K. Firodia Award (2000) by H.K. Firodia
Foundation, Pune;
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Atur Sangtani Award (1998) by Atur
Foundation, Pune;
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Durga Prasad Khaitan Memorial Gold Medal
(1996) by Asiatic Society, Kolkata;
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National Research Development Corporation (NRDC)
Republic Day Award (1995);
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OP Bhasin award (1991) by Bhasin Foundation,
Delhi
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Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru National Award in
Engineering & Technology (1991) by Govt. of
Madhya Pradesh
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Vishwakarma medal (1988) by Indian National
Science Academy;
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Federation of Indian Chamber of Commerce and
Industry Award (1987) in physical and
mathematical sciences;
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KG Naik Gold Medal in research in chemical
sciences (1985);
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C.For Leadership:
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'Stars of Asia' Awards, Business Week(2005)
awarded on 16 November, in Beijing.
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Ranked amongst topmost 50 influential people
in the world in respect of intellectual
property rights (2005), by the
international magazine Managing
Intellectual Property.
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Lakshmipat Singhania – IIML National
Leadership Award (2004) by Indian Institute
of Management, Lucknow
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Lal Bahadur Shastri National Award (2002) by
Lal Bahadur Shastri Institute of Management
for Excellence in Public Administration and
Management Sciences.
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IMC Juran Quality Medal (2002) by Indian
Merchants Chamber for leadership and
continuous involvement as a role model for
improvement of quality in CSIR;
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HRD Excellence Award (2002) in the CEO
(Non-Corporate) Category by National HRD
Network, Birla Management Corporation Ltd.,
Mumbai;
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Golden Jubilee Award (1998) by Bank of
India, Mumbai for excellence in R&D
management
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JRD Tata Award for Corporate Leadership
(1998) by All India Management Association
for exemplary leadership provided to CSIR.
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D. For
All Round Excellence:
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Maharashtra Bhushan Award (2005) by
Government of Maharashtra, Mumbai for
contributions to science and technology;
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Qimpro Award for Quality Evangelist (2003)
by Qimpro
Foundation, Mumbai
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Devi Ahilya National Award (2003) by Shri
Ahilyotsava Samiti, Indore for contribution
towards development in the scientific and
industrial fields
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ASSOCHAM New Millennium Innovation Award
(2003) by Associated Chamber of Commerce for
excellence in innovation;
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Maharashtra Bhushan Award (2003) by
Maharashtra Times, Mumbai for all round
excellence
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Shraddhanand Award (2003) by Brahman Sabha,
Mumbai for excellence in research;
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Shiromani Award (2002) for outstanding
achievements in the field of science and
commitment to national progress and human
welfare
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Dadabhai Naoroji Memorial Award (2002) by
the Dadabhai Naoroji Memorial Prize Trust,
Mumbai for contributions to advancing S&T in
India;
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Priyadarshani Global Award (2002) by
Priyadarshani Academy, Mumbai for promoting
S&T;
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Lifetime Achievement Award (2001) by
Chemtech Foundation for all time lifetime
achievement;
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Abhimanshreemurti (Person of Pride) Award
(1999) by Chaturang Foundation, Mumbai for
being one of the leading National Role
Models;
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Shri Guruji Puraskar (1998) Jankalyan Samiti,
Pune for protecting India’s traditional
knowledge;
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Lifetime Achievement Award (1998), Indian
Analytical Instruments Association for
lifetime achievement;
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UDCT Diamond Award (1994) by Department of
Chemical Technology, Mumbai
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UDCT Outstanding Alumni Medal (1985) as one
of the twenty outstanding performers from
UDCT in fifty years.
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Professorships (Honorary & others) etc.
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Honorary Professor, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre
for Advancement of Scientific Research
(1990)
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GP Kane Professor, University of Bombay
(1990).
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Fellow, University Department of Chemical
Technology, Mumbai (1992).
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Fellow, University of Salford, UK (1992-93);
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Visiting Professor, University of Delaware,
USA (1975-76);
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Visiting Professor, Technical University of
Denmark, Lyngby (1982)
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Honorary Visiting Professor, University of
Pune (1985-86).
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Visiting Professor, University of Delaware,
USA (1988)
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Visiting Fellow, University of Bombay (1985)
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UGC National
Lecturer in Engineering and Technology
(1985).
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Chairmanship/Membership of National Level
High-Powered Committees/Bodies
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Chairman, Task Force on Recombinant Pharma
Sector constituted by the Government of
India, Ministry of Environment & Forests,
New Delhi (2004)
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Chairman, Expert Committee on ‘A
Comprehensive Examination of Drug Regulatory
Issues, including the problem of Spurious
Drugs’ by Government of India (2003)
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Chairman, National Quality Council of India
(2002)
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Chairman, Scientific Advisory Committee on
Hydrocarbons, Ministry of Petroleum &
Natural Gas (2002)
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Chairman, National Auto Fuel Policy (2001-)
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Chairman, Governing Body, National Institute
of Pharmaceuticals Education and Research
(2001)
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Chairman, National Innovation Foundation
(2000-)
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Chairman, Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Research
Committee, Government of India (2000)
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Member, Board of Governors of National
Council for Applied Economic Research
(2001 -)
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Member, Governing Body, Indian Council for
Research on International Economic Relations
(2001-)
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Member, Prime Minister’s Knowledge Task
Force (2000)
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Chairman, High Powered Review Committee to
review Regional Engineering Colleges (RECs)
(1998)
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Chairman, Inquiry Committee for MGCC
Accident, Government of India (1990)
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Member, Scientific Advisory Committee to the
Cabinet (1997-)
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Member, Technology Development Board
(1995-2002)
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Member, Science Advisory Council to the
Prime Minister (1988-90)
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Technical Assessor to one Man Inquiry
Commission to
Inquire into Bhopal Tragedy, Govt. of Madhya
Pradesh (1984)
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International Bodies/Committees
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Vice Chairman,
Commission on Intellectual Property Rights,
Innovation and Public Health, WHO (2004)
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Chairman, CSIR (South Africa) International
Review Committee (2003)
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Member of the Committee of Third World
Academy of Sciences (TWAS) in Engineering
Science and Technologies (2303)
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One Man Committee to review WIPO’s World
Wide Academy (2003)
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Member, Research Advisory Committee,
Department of Chemistry, Imperial College of
Science & Technology, UK (2003)
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Member, Consultative Group on Agricultural
Research (CGIAR) Working Group on Science
Council, World Bank (2002)
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Member, Review of Chemistry Research in UK
Universities (2002)
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Advisor, Development Gateway’s Knowledge
Economy, World Bank, USA (2002)
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Member, International Commission on
Intellectual Property Rights, UK (2001)
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Member, Review Committee, Chemical
Engineering Department, University of
Cambridge, UK (2001)
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Member, Board of Trustees, Medicine for
Malaria Venture, Geneva (2001)
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Chairman, Innovation in Developing World
Committee, Third World Academy of Sciences,
Trieste (2000)
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Member, Advisory Board, World Wide Academy (WIPO),
Geneva (1999-)
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Member, Review Committee, Commonwealth
Science Council, London (1998)
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Chairman, Standing Committee on Information
Technology (WIPO), Geneva (1998)
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Member, CSIR
(South Africa) International Review
Committee (1997)
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Original contributions to Scientific and
Industrial Research
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Mashelkar has made some path-breaking
contributions in transport phenomena in and
thermodynamics of swelling, superswelling
and shrinking polymers, modelling of
polymerisation reactors, and engineering
analysis of non-Newtonian flows. His
exceptional leadership has transformed CSIR,
world’s largest chain of national
laboratories engaged in industrial R&D. In
post-liberalised India, Mashelkar has been a
dominant force in shaping the direction of
S&T in India.
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Swelling, Superswelling and Shrinking
Polymers: Transport & Thermodynamics
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Mashelkar made the first molecular level
interpretation of volume phase transitions
in stimuli responsive gels through his
Lattice Fluid` Hydrogels Bonding
models. These studies led to an
understanding of the role of the subtle
hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance in
determining these transitions and also in
molecular tailoring of these intelligent
gels. Mashelkar’s original contributions,
the first time ever, include biomimetic
switching hydrogels (gelzymes), the
discovery of molecular recognition induced
macroscopic reversible morphological
transitions and the discovery of
self-healing phenomena in gels.
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Sensitivity, selectivity, mobility, memory,
self-organization, self-healing and enzyme
like activity are some of the attributes of
living materials. Synthetic hydrogels have
been considered as potential candidates for
mimicking life. It was Mashelkar, who
demonstrated self-organization, self-healing
and enzyme like activity among these for the
first time.
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Mashelkar’s studies on lifetime of a
dissolving polymeric particle are
pioneering. The phenomenon of particle size
independent dissolution in polymeric systems
and the crucial role of reptation dynamics
was demonstrated for the first time. His
contribution to the interpretation of the
phenomenon of unusual retardation and
enhancement in polymer dissolution is path
breaking, since he was the first to show the
crucial role of disengagement dynamics in
dissolution, for which he provided a direct
evidence through some probing in-situ NMR
experiments. Later,
he showed the critical role of disengagement
dynamics in other macromolecular transport
processes.
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Engineering Analysis of Non-Newtonian Flows
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Mashelkar has contributed to the
understanding of diverse phenomena of
interest to engineers in rheologically
complex fluids. These cover laminar
secondary flows, turbulent flows, free
convection and particle motion and
deformation
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He investigated the motion and deformation
of bubbles, drops and solid spheres in
rheologically complex fluids. His
original contributions include the discovery
of the phenomenon of delayed separation in
non-Newtonian fluids, an original
experimental discovery of the presence of
dual wakes behind spheres moving in elastic
liquids, anomalous wake formation in liquid
drops and a new concept of ‘elastic boundary
layer’ to explain some anomalous visco-elastic
flows.
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Role of energetic networks in non-Newtonian
Flows :
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Mashelkar developed the Energetically
Crosslinked Transient Network (ECTN) Model,
where the role of transient network formed
by hydrogen bonds and its distinct
difference from the physical networks was
explicitly taken into account. He provided
the direct evidence of the different
character of such networks by doing in situ
Rheo-NMR experiments. The application of
this model has resolved anomalies, which had
baffled analysts for over three decades.
These included double stress overshort,
time- dependent terminal velocities,
unusually long restoration times in particle
motion in viscoelastic media, etc.
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The role of such energetic interactions in
phase separation in flowing polymeric fluids
was analysed to propose the concept of
deformation-induced hydrophobicity for the
first time. Further, the use of such
energetic interaction based networks was
made to create shear stable clusters of drag
reducers.
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His unified transient network models for
analysing the wall-slip problem have opened
up new vistas. His pioneering work on role
of convective constraint release is the
first ever direct molecular level
interpretation of the wall-slip phenomenon
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Modelling of Industrial Polymerisation
Reactors
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Mashelkar modelled the entire process of
industrial polymerisation of polyethylene
terephthalate (PET). Many new important
insights into the complex behaviour were
obtained. The process of melt
polycondensation of PET is accompanied by a
desorption of a number of volatile side
products accompanied by a series of
reversible reactions. This diffusion -
reaction problem poses conceptual as well as
numerical difficulties in modelling. An
apparently anomalous observation of the
enhancement of polycondensation rate with
increased side reactions, which had remained
unexplained so far, was resolved. New
strategies for enhancing productivity in
industrial reactors emerged as a result of
this work. This work has wide ranging impact
globally on both theory and practice of
polycondensation reactors.
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Leadership in Science and Technology
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As Director of National Chemical Laboratory
(NCL) in 1989-1995, Mashelkar gave a new
orientation to NCL’s research programmes
with strong emphasis on globally competitive
technologies and international patenting. This
was done even before India liberalised and
opened up in 1991. NCL
began exporting its knowledge to even Europe
and USA,-- the first Indian laboratory to do
so. India is becoming a global R & D
platform now, with over 100 companies
setting up their R & D centres in India, the
largest being General Electric (2400
employees); their R & D Centre was
stimulated by the success of the NCL
partnership. Mashelkar
created a polymer science and engineering
division from scratch in NCL that is rated
as world class today.
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As Director General of CSIR (38 laboratories
and 22,000 employees), which is the largest
chain of industrial R & D labs, he conceived
and successfully led the process of
transformation of CSIR. His
white paper “CSIR
2001: Vision & Strategy” set
up a new agenda. The story of the
transformation of CSIR has been
internationally acknowledged. Its
appreciation by the Indian business world,
has been captured as a cover page story by
Business India in 1998 and also in ‘World
Class in India’, a book brought out by
Penguin, which has ranked CSIR among the top
twelve organisations, who have managed the
radical change-- the best in post-1991
India. [www.csir.res.in]
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He has played a pivotal role in framing
India’s national S & T policies in the post
liberalization (post-1991) era. Has also
contributed widely to restructuring and
reforms in education, S & T institutions and
industry, both nationally and
internationally through several committees
that he has chaired.
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Mashelkar was responsible for creating a
‘national movement’ on IPR. His
contributions have been varied.
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Played a crucial role in creating patent
awareness in Indian institutions, industry
and the government for more than a decade.
CSIR’s IPR Management Policy (1996) resulted
in CSIR occupying the first position in PCT
filings (shared with Samsung) among all the
developing nations in 2002. CSIR alone had
40% share of the US patents granted to
Indians in 2002
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As a member of the International IPR
Commission set up by UK Government and also
as a member of the World Wide Academy of
WIPO, he played a crucial role in creating a
balanced view of IP in development.
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As the first Chairman of SCIT of WIPO
(1998-99) he played an important role in
piloting the 20 million US dollars WIPONET
project benefiting the developing world and
in framing the ‘SCIT vision
of the Twentyfirst Century’.
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Another major contribution has been his
efforts to recognise the role of traditional
knowledge systems and integrating them with
modern knowledge systems. Some key
contributions are:
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Mashelkar spearheaded the challenge of the
successful revocation of the US patent on
wound healing properties of turmeric (USP
5,401,5041) in 1996 and chaired the
Technical Committee to challenge the
revocation of the US patent on Basmati
rice (USP
5,663,484) by Ricetec Company, Texas. The
turmeric case was pathbreaking, since it was
the first revocation of a US patent based on
traditional knowledge in the third world.
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Made a case at WIPO for treating traditional
knowledge on par with industrial property
systems, and successfully articulated the
case for a Traditional Knowledge Digital
Library (TKDL). Spearheaded
the process, which ultimately is leading to
the change of International Patent
Classification System to include traditional
knowledge. Such initiatives are likely to
bring a better understanding between the
developing and the developed world.
·
Set up the National Innovation Foundation to
acknowledge and reward the grass root
innovators. This
has become a major movement spreading to
other developing countries also.
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Ref:
http://www.csir.res.in/External/Heads/aboutcsir/leaders/DG/mashelkar-bio.htm |
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